Articles Posted in Criminal Defense

Attorney J. Bradley Smith answering the question: “A past conviction is keeping me from finding work what can I do?”

A recent and worrisome trend among some police departments should have criminals deleting their Facebook and Instagram accounts. News out of New York indicates that officers in the NYPD are searching for suspects’ photos on Instagram and Facebook then running them through the departments’ sophisticated new facial recognition system.

Profile Pictures Charlotte North Carolina DUI DWI Criminal Defense Lawyer Attorney.jpgExperts say that detectives have begun cracking cases thanks to the technology that links mug shots with pictures pulled off of various social networking websites. Beyond just social networking sites, the facial recognition unit also combs pictures collected from a vast network of surveillance cameras.

In one recent case, a woman complained about having jewelry stolen by the friend of a friend. She had no idea what the man’s name was, but knew she had seen his picture on Facebook. Police then clicked through the social network until they located the picture of the suspect which they then ran through the facial recognition software, coming up with a mug shot, name and eventually an address.

Police say the new futuristic technology has helped them solve dozens of cases. Now even cases with sketchy information, perhaps even just a nickname, is all they need to snoop around on social media and locate a picture which they can then scan and hopefully find a name.

One good example of how the facial recognition software is being used to solve crimes involves the case of several cab drivers who were held up at gunpoint and robbed in the Bronx. Police said the suspect would call for a ride and then jump in the back seat of the cab and flash a weapon, getting away with large amounts of money. A security camera snapshot from one of the cabs showed the suspect’s face, which was then scanned through the facial recognition software. A match was found in less than an hour, linking the image from the cab to an old mug shot.

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Attorney J. Bradley Smith answering the question: “Is there more than one way for police to convict a DWI?”

In light of the recent controversial decision in the Trayvon Martin case, many people have been discussing the self-defense laws on the books in other states and some may wonder what exactly the law is for those in North Carolina. As of December 1, 2011, North Carolina officially implemented it’s own “Stand Your Ground” law. So what exactly does this mean, keep reading to find out.

Handgun Sights Charlotte North Carolina DUI DWI Criminal Defense Lawyer Attorney.jpgThe Stand Your Ground law in Florida became a critical component of the recent trial of George Zimmerman who shot and killed Trayvon Martin in February of 2012. Zimmerman was charged with second-degree murder in the death of the teen, but argued that he acted in self-defense and should be exempt from prosecution under the state’s Stand Your Ground law. Since his acquittal, many have wondered whether similar arguments could be made if the incident had happened in North Carolina rather than Florida. Though the two states’ laws are not identical, they are very close and the result may have turned out much the same.

Stand Your Ground laws exist in at least 25 states, including North Carolina and Florida. They are not always called the same thing, others are referred to as “Shoot First” laws but they mean essentially the same thing. North Carolina General Statutes Section 14-51.3 says that a person is justified using deadly force and does not first have the duty to retreat in two situations: 1) he or she reasonably believes that such force is necessary to prevent imminent death or great bodily harm to yourself or others; or 2) you are located in your home, office or car and fear for your life or the life of another person.

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Attorney J. Bradley Smith answering the question: “Can the police search my car without a warrant?”

Many people know that the U.S. Constitution affords criminal defendants the right to confront their accusers. Though that seems clear enough, the North Carolina Supreme Court has recently wrestled with the problem of what to do if the accuser is not a person, but instead a lab test. Does the test speak for itself or do its results require the use of an expert witness?

Lab test Charlotte North Carolina Criminal Defense DUI DWI Lawyer Attorney.jpgThe state Supreme Court issued a ruling on the matter this week and found that such lab tests can stand on their own if cited by an expert witness offering an independent opinion. Other have argued that this conclusion is incorrect and that a lab test should face the same amount of scrutiny that a person would face and that means the analyst who conducted the test should be required to testify at trial.

Some criminal defense experts in North Carolina believe the Confrontation Clause requires that the person who actually handled the steps of conducting the lab test be in court to answer questions about exactly what was done. Only then can the defendant be said to truly have had the right to confront his or her accuser.

The case before the Court involved a traffic stop by Charlotte-Mecklenburg police in 2007 that led to the discovery of what appeared to be cocaine. The defendant, Mario Eduardo Ortiz-Zape, was charged with possessing 4.5 grams of cocaine with the intent to sell or deliver it. The crime lab analyst who tested the cocaine was no longer employed by the agency when the case finally made its way to trial so prosecutors instead called an analyst with the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department crime lab to act as an expert witness and offer her independent opinion about the test.

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Attorney J. Bradley Smith answering the question: “A past conviction is keeping me from finding work what can I do?”

Authorities say two individuals have been arrested for using phony prescriptions to get painkillers from pharmacies across North and South Carolina. The two individuals, Steven Rhodes and Heather DeYoung, were each sentenced to nearly six years behind bars.

Prescription Pills Charlotte Criminal Defense DUI DWI Lawyer Attorney North Carolina.jpgFederal prosecutors say the leader of the fake prescription ring, Joshua Balkind, is already in prison serving a 20-year term. The other two participants were sentenced to 70 months in prison this Wednesday. Officials say the scheme worked by having Balkind make fake prescriptions using software on his home computer. He would then give the fake oxycodone prescriptions to drug addicts like Rhodes and DeYoung and essentially split the take, giving the addicts several pills and taking the rest to sell on the streets at a steep markup.

The drug ring was first discovered back in 2011 when a pharmacist in Union County realized that the doctor Balkind had chosen for his fake prescriptions had actually been dead for several years. Authorities then began following the group and eventually gathered enough information to make several arrests.

It’s important to understand that even though prescription drugs come from a pharmacy, they are still controlled substances that can lead to serious legal trouble for anyone found to have illegally obtained them. If such possession was obtained through the use of fraud, forgery or deceit, then prosecutors will be very aggressive in pushing for jail time as punishment.

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Attorney J. Bradley Smith answering the question: “If I simply intend to plead guilty, why do I need a lawyer?”

A divided Supreme Court ruled in an important case last week that it is unconstitutional for judges to use current federal sentencing guidelines if they contain harsher penalties than the sentencing guidelines in place at the time the original crime was committed.

The case before the Court dealt with whether current discretionary sentencing guidelines have enough force to put criminal defendant at risk of unconstitutional additional punishment. The question the justices tackled was whether current, harsher guidelines have enough weight with judges that even considering them harms the freedom of defendants whose crimes were governed by earlier sentencing guidelines. Specifically this issue concerns the ex post facto clause of the Constitution which prohibits retroactive punishment.

Supreme Court Charlotte North Carolina Criminal Defense Attorney DUI DWI Lawyer.jpgThe case, Peugh v. United States, concerned a man who committed bank fraud back in the late 1990s. It took a long time for his case to be tried and for a sentence to be handed down, more than 11 years in fact. By 2010, a new round of sentencing guidelines had been issued which contained a suggested sentencing range of between 70 and 87 months for Peugh’s crime. The issue was that at the time the crimes were perpetrated, the sentencing range was dramatically more lenient, only 30 to 37 months. The judge who heard the case ultimately chose a 70-month sentence, something that many believed was clearly influenced by the new guidelines.

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Attorney J. Bradley Smith answering the question: “What is an expungement?”

Though hunting is usually thought of as a low-key weekend activity among friends or family, a recent cases shows how in some cases it can turn into quite a serious matter. A federal judge in the Western District of North Carolina announced last Friday that seven men from the state would be serving jail time for illegal hunting in national forests located in North Carolina and Georgia.

Deer Charlotte Criminal Defense DUI DWI Lawyer Attorney.jpgThe arrests were the result of a four-year undercover investigation into illegal hunting practices known as Operation Something Bruin. Officers with the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and the U.S. Forest Service worked together using social media to infiltrate poaching circles and record legal violations. The investigators created fake social media profiles and found out about illegal organized hunts on federal land.

The investigation led to 10 individuals pleading guilty to crimes, among whom seven men received sentences of up to 30 days behind bars. Three of the men who were charged in the most recent case pleaded guilty to hunting wild hogs at night and were sentenced to 30 days behind bars as well as prohibited from hunting or fishing of two years. Two others admitted to illegally hunting a black bear and faced similar penalties.

Officials announced in February that the sting operation led to the discovery of illegal actions by 81 individuals for a total of 980 combined violations. The investigation uncovered bear baiting, the illegal use of dogs, operating illegal bear enclosures and hunting without permits. Officials say the violations took place in the Nantahala National Forest and the Pisgah National Forest.

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Attorney J. Bradley Smith answering the question: “A past conviction is keeping me from finding work what can I do?”

In an important divided criminal law decision released earlier this week, the U.S. Supreme Court voted 5-4 to say that silence can be used against defendants in certain circumstances.

Silence Expression Charlotte North Carolina DUI DWI Criminal Defense Lawyer Attorney.jpgThe case involves a horrible 1992 Texas double murder case where the suspect voluntarily answered police questions for nearly an hour. However, as the police asked more incriminating questions about shotgun shells found at the scene, the suspect stopped talking. Prosecutors later used Salinas’ silence against him and portrayed it as evidence of his guilt. The strategy worked like a charm for prosecutors and Salinas was found guilty.

Most people know that once a person has been arrested and read their Miranda rights, they have a right to remain silent and that silence cannot be used against them. Other Supreme Court cases have held that if a person declines to testify during a criminal trial the prosecutors are not allowed to use that decision against the defendant by negatively mentioning it to the jury. The issue in this case was whether such silence could be attacked if it occurred prior to an arrest.
Justice Alito wrote for the majority and said that the Fifth Amendment, which says a person cannot be compelled to be a witness against himself, clearly gives defendants the right to remain silent. However, the majority of the Court said that the right to remain silent is not “self-executing” and that it must be claimed for it to be used. In this case, the justices decided that because Salinas failed to properly invoke his right that his silence was properly used against him.

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Attorney J. Bradley Smith answering the question: “What am I obligated to do if I’ve been pulled for Drinking and Driving?”

According to a recent ACLU report, the State of North Carolina spent over $55 million enforcing marijuana possession laws in 2010. The civil rights group pointed out that not only did this represent a large share of police resources wasted on relatively minor crimes, but that the impact of the marijuana enforcement was often discriminatory.

By analyzing arrest reports, the ACLU discovered that African Americans in North Carolina were arrested for marijuana possession at 3.4 times the rate of whites, this despite comparable marijuana usage rates. The report, known as Marijuana in Black and White: Billions of Dollars Wasted on Racially Biased Arrests, was released earlier this month and examined marijuana arrests rates by race. Marijuana Charlotte North Carolina DWI DUI Criminal Defense Attorney Lawyer.jpg

The survey found that law enforcement officers in North Carolina made nearly 21,000 arrests in 2010, ranking North Carolina 10th in the nation for pot arrests. The numbers also meant that marijuana possession arrests made up over half (53.6 percent) of all drug arrests in the state. A full 50 percent of those arrested for marijuana possession in North Carolina were African American, despite African Americans making up only 22 percent of the state’s population.

The ACLU says the results are clear: the state’s war on drugs has disproportionately harmed people of color. The organization says police agencies across the state selectively enforce marijuana possession laws against certain black and minority communities which ends up costing the state tens of millions of dollars incarcerating people with few positive results.

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Attorney J. Bradley Smith answering the question: “What is an expungement?”

A North Carolina man was arrested and charged with sexually abusing a Chihuahua dog this past week. According to local news reports, the 24-year-old man, Jeffrey Edward Bynner, was arrested at 12:41 a.m. and charged with “crimes against nature.”

According to the police arrest warrant, Bynner, allegedly committed “abominable and detestable crimes against nature with a Chihuahua dog” sometime in March. The man is currently in jail on a $10,000 bond.

Hands on Bars Charlotte Criminal Defense DWI DUI Lawyer Attorney.jpgSurprisingly, Bynner is the third person to be charged with crimes against nature in North Carolina since March. Just last month, a 21-year-old man from Wake County was arrested and charged with four felony counts of crimes against nature. The man, Seadon Collins Henrich was a volunteer at the Wake County animal shelter and was also charged with three felony counts of disseminating obscenity. Police say Henrich abused several dogs in his care and then took photographs of the incidents.

Back in March, 28-year-old Derwayne Sharp of Greensboro was charged with raping a young girl and with forcing himself on a dog. The crimes were alleged to have occurred back in 2005, but Sharp was only arrested now, many years later.

Section 14-177 of the North Carolina General Statues, states: “If any person shall commit the crime against nature, with mankind or beast, he shall be punished as a Class I felon.” A “crime against nature” has been defined by North Carolina courts as “sexual intercourse contrary to the order of nature,” including all “acts of bestial character whereby degraded and perverted sexual desires are sought to be gratified.” North Carolina law says that the presumptive prison term for a Class I felony committed under Chapter 14 of North Carolina General Statutes is two years behind bars.

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Attorney J. Bradley Smith answering the question: “A past conviction is keeping me from finding work what can I do?”

A new criminal measure is getting attention in North Carolina as legislators consider changing a longstanding law which allows those over age 16 to be charged and prosecuted as adults. The law is the subject of intense scrutiny given that only one other state in the country has a similar law in place. Watch Children Sign Charlotte NC DUI DWI Criminal Lawyer Attorney.jpg

North Carolina lawmakers are now putting forward an idea that would raise the age for adult prosecution to 18. Representative Marilyn Avila is the lead supported of the bill and says that the law would raise the age to 18 only for teenagers who commit misdemeanors. Initially the law was drafted to include charges such as low-level felonies like car break-ins and marijuana possession. According to Avila, the problem with this draft of the law was that some criticized it for being soft on criminals and many would not support a measure that they felt let teens off the hook for more serious criminal actions.

The measure to raise the age for adult prosecution has been around for years as many advocates for young offenders say the juvenile justice system is better prepared to treat and rehabilitate young people. By shipping minors off to the adult criminal justice system, many are pushed even further into a dangerous life of crime. Another problem cited by some is that teens in North Carolina find themselves at a disadvantage to teens from other states when it comes time to apply for colleges. While other teens can claim a spotless criminal record, with their juvenile records sealed, young people from North Carolina with adult convictions have their crimes follow them for far longer.

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